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GRASS is traditionally known for its powerful raster processing capabilities. All classical functionality plus time series data processing and models are available. While image processing command names differ in the first character (i.* instead of r.*), they are generally fully integrated. Any image map (from an aerial camera or satellite) can be used as a normal raster map. Additional support is available to handle multispectral maps. More sophisticated methods such as orthophoto generation and image classification are implemented as well.
GRASS supports pixelwise operations on raster maps as well as focal (neighborhood) and global (full map) calculations. Also buffers, watersheds, flow lines, slope, aspect and curvature maps can be created, and raster algebra can be performed.
To start, we want to look at the metadata of a raster map; enter:
r.info <map> e.g., r.info elevation.10m